User:BomBom/Family tree of caliphs

To Do

• Change red color used for Ottomans

Legend

Lines

Example	Description	Meaning
	Solid line	Descent
	Dotted line	Descent from Muhammad
	Dashed line	Marriage

Colors

Example	Description	Meaning
	Green background	Rashidun Caliphs (Sunni)
	Dark gray background	Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus (Sunni)
	Light gray background	Rival Caliphs of Córdoba (Sunni; mainly Umayyads with brief Hammudid interregnum)
	Iceberg background	Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad (Sunni)
	Non-photo blue background	Abbasid Caliphs of Cairo (Sunni)
	Red background	Ottoman Caliphs (Sunni)
	Urobilin background	The Twelve Imams (Shia; first five also recognized by Ismailis)[Note 1]
	Vanilla background	Ismaili Imams (Shia; not recognized by Twelvers)

Abbreviations

Example	Description	Meaning
IS	Abbreviation	Ismaili Shiism
IS-MS	Abbreviation	Ismaili Shiism (Mustaali branch)
IS-NZ	Abbreviation	Ismaili Shiism (Nizari branch)
TW	Abbreviation	Twelver Shiism

Symbols

Example	Description	Meaning
4.	Arabic numeral followed by a dot	Order of succession for Sunni Caliphs (Rashidun Caliphs → Umayyads of Damascus → Abbasids of Baghdad → Abbasids of Cairo → Ottomans → Sharifs of Mecca)
IV.	Roman numerals followed by a dot	Order of succession for Fatimid Caliphs[Note 2]
BANU	Big black-colored capital letters in bold font	Tribe / Dynasty / Sect
NAME	Blue-colored capital letters in bold font	Sunni Caliph and/or Shia Imam
♀	Venus symbol	Woman
	Coat of arms	Currently reigning royal house

Family tree

ADNANI ARABS

Adnan عدنان

Ma'add معد

Nizar نزار

Mudar مضر

Elias إلياس

Mudrikah مدركة

Khuzaimah خزيمة

Kinanah كنانة

al-Nadr النضر

Malik مالك

BANU QURAYSH

Fihr فهر

Ghalib غالب

Luwaiy لؤي

Ka'ab كعب

Adi عدي

Murrah مرة

Razah رزاح

Taim تيم

Kilab كلاب

Qart قرط

Sa'ad سعد

Qusai قصي

Abd Allah عبد الله

Ka'ab كعب

Abd Manaf عبد مناف

Abd al-Uzza عبد العزى

BANU HASHIM

BANU ABD SHAMS

Riyah رياح

Amr عمرو

Hashim هاشم

Abd Shams عبد شمس

Abd al-Uzza عبد العزى

Amir عامر

UMAYYADS

BANU ASAD

Nufayl نفيل

Uthman (Abu Qahafa) عثمان أبو قحافة

Abd al-Muttalib عبد المطلب

Umayya أمية

Asad أسد

ABBASIDS

al-Khattab الخطاب

1. ABU BAKR أبو بكر

Abd Allah عبد الله

Abu Talib أبو طالب

Abbas العباس

Harb حرب

Abu al-'As أبو العاص

Khuwaylid خويلد

2. UMAR عمر

Aisha ♀ (wife of Muhammad) عائشة

MUHAMMAD Prophet of Islam :ar:محمد

Khadijah ♀ (wife of Muhammad) خديجة

al-Awwam العوام

UMAYYADS SUFYANID BRANCH

Hafsa ♀ (wife of Muhammad) حفصة

Abd Allah عبد الله

Abu Sufyan أبو سفيان

al-Hakam الحكم

Affan عفان

al-Zubayr الزبير

AHL AL-BAYT

UMAYYADS MARWANID BRANCH

Fatimah ♀ (daughter of Muhammad) فاطمة

4. ALI 4th Caliph 1st Shia Imam (IS-NZ and TW) علي

Ali علي

5. MUAWIYA I 1st Umayyad Caliph معاوية

8. MARWAN I مروان

Ruqayyah ♀ (daughter of Muhammad ?) رقية

3. UTHMAN عثمان

Umm Kulthum ♀ (daughter of Muhammad ?) أم كلثوم

ABD ALLAH Anti-Caliph (684–692) عبد الله

HASAN 1st Imam (IS-MS) 2nd Imam (TW) الحسن

Shahrbanu ♀ (daughter of Yazdegerd III ?) شاه زنان

HUSAYN 2nd Imam (IS) 3rd Imam (TW) الحسين

Muhammad محمد

6. YAZID I يزيد

Abd al-Aziz عبد العزيز

Muhammad محمد

9. ABD AL-MALIK عبد الملك

SHIA IMAMS

Al-Hassan al-Muthanna الحسن المثنى

ALI ZAYN AL-ABIDIN 3rd Imam (IS) 4th Imam (TW) علي زين العابدين

19. AS-SAFFAH 1st Abbasid Caliph السفاح

20. AL-MANSUR المنصور

7. MUAWIYA II معاوية

12. UMAR II عمر

18. MARWAN II Last Umayyad Caliph مروان

10. Al-WALID I الوليد

11. SULAYMAN سليمان

13. YAZID II يزيد

14. HISHAM هشام

Umayyads defeated in 750

Abdullah al-Kamal عبد الله الكمال

Ibrahim al-Jamr إبراهيم الغمر

ZAYD 5th Zaidi Imam زيد

MUHAMMAD AL-BAQIR 4th Imam (IS) 5th Imam (TW) محمد الباقر

21. AL-MAHDI المهدي

16. YAZID III يزيد

17. IBRAHIM إبراهيم

15. Al-WALID II الوليد

Muawiya معاوية

YEMENI ZAIDI IMAMS (until 1962)

Numerous descendants and derivative sects

UMAYYADS RAHMANID BRANCH IN SPAIN

Musa al-Jaun موسى الجون

Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya محمد النفس الزكية

Idris I Ruler of Fez إدريس الأول

JA'FAR AL-SADIQ 5th Imam (IS) 6th Imam (TW) جعفر الصادق

22. AL-HADI الهادي

23. HARUN AL-RASHID هارون الرشيد

IBRAHIM Anti-Caliph (817–819) إبراهيم

Abd al Rahman I 1st Emir of Córdoba عبد الرحمن

IDRISID DYNASTY

TWELVER IMAMS

ISMAILI IMAMS

AFTAHIYYA IMAMS

Abdullah al-Salih عبد الله الصالح

Idris II Ruler of Fez إدريس الثاني

MUSA AL-KADHIM 7th Twelver Imam موسى الكاظم

ISMA'IL 6th Ismaili Imam إسماعيل

ABD ALLAH AL-AFTAH 7th Aftahiyya Imam عبد الله الأفتح

24. AL-AMIN الأمين

25. AL-MA'MUN المأمون

26. AL-MU'TASIM المعتصم بالله

Hisham I 2nd Emir of Córdoba هشام

Extinct sect

Musa al-Thani موسى الثاني

Umar عمر

ALI AR-RIDHA 8th Twelver Imam علي الرضا

MUHAMMAD 7th Ismaili Imam Final Imam for Seveners محمد

27. AL-WATHIQ الواثق بالله

28. AL-MUTAWAKKIL المتوكل على الله

Muhammad محمد

Al-Hakam I 3rd Emir of Córdoba الحكم

Muhammad al-Thayir محمد الثائر

Abd Allah عبد الله

MUHAMMAD AL-TAQI 9th Twelver Imam محمد التقي

ABD ALLAH 8th Ismaili Imam عبد الله

32. AL-MUHTADI المهتدي بالله

29. AL-MUNTASIR المنتصر بالله

al-Muwaffaq الموفق طلحة

33. AL-MU'TAMID المعتمد على الله

31. AL-MU'TAZZ المعتز بالله

30. AL-MUSTA'IN المستعين بالله

Abd al Rahman II 4th Emir of Córdoba عبد الرحمن

Abd Allah al-Akbar عبد الله الأكبر

Ali علي

ALI AL-HADI 10th Twelver Imam علي الهادي

AHMAD 9th Ismaili Imam أحمد

34. AL-MU'TADID المعتضد بالله

ABD ALLAH Anti-Caliph (909) عبد الله

Muhammad I 5th Emir of Córdoba محمد

Muhammad Abu Ja'far al-Tha'alab محمد أبو جعفر الثعلب

Ahmad أحمد

HASAN AL-ASKARI 11th Twelver Imam الحسن العسكري

HUSAYN 10th Ismaili Imam حسين

36. AL-MUQTADIR المقتدر بالله

37. AL-QAHIR القاهر بالله

35. AL-MUKTAFI المكتفي بالله

Al-Mundhir 6th Emir of Córdoba المنذر

Abd Allah 7th Emir of Córdoba عبد الله

FATIMID CALIPHS [Note 1]

Abd Allah عبد الله

Mamun مأمون

MUHAMMAD AL-MAHDI 12th and final Twelver Imam محمد المهدي

I. UBAYD ALLAH AL-MAHDI 11th Ismaili Imam عبيد الله المهدي

39. AL-MUTTAQI المتقي لله

38. AR-RADI الراضي بالله

41. AL-MUTI المطيع لله

40. AL-MUSTAKFI المستكفي بالله

Muhammad محمد

In Occultation

Ali علي

Abu Ahmad أبو أحمد

II. AL-QA'IM 12th Ismaili Imam القائم بأمر الله

43. AL-QADIR القادر بالله

42. AT-TA'I الطائع بالله

ABD AL RAHMAN III 1st Caliph of Córdoba عبد الرحمن

HAMMUDID DYNASTY

Sulayman سليمان

Hammuda حمودة

III. AL-MANSUR 13th Ismaili Imam المنصور بالله

44. AL-QA'IM القائم بأمر الله

Sulayman سليمان

Abd al-Malik عبد الملك

Ubayd Allah عبيد الله

Abd al-Jabbar عبد الجبار

AL-HAKAM II 2nd Caliph of Córdoba الحكم

Al-Husayn الحسين

ALI AL-NASIR 6th Caliph of Córdoba علي الناصر

AL-QASIM AL-MA'MUN 8th Caliph of Córdoba القاسم المأمون

IV. AL-MUIZZ 14th Ismaili Imam المعز لدين الله

Muhammad Zakhirat al-Din محمد ذخيرة الدين

al-Hakam الحكم

Muhammad محمد

Abd ar-Rahman عبد الرحمن

Hisham هشام

HISHAM II 3rd Caliph of Córdoba هشام

Mawiyah ♀ [Note 2]

Issa عيسى

YAHYA AL-MU'TALI 9th Caliph of Córdoba يحيى المعتلي

V. AL-AZIZ 15th Ismaili Imam العزيز بالله

45. AL-MUQTADI المقتدي بأمر الله

SULAYMAN 5th Caliph of Córdoba سليمان

ABD AL RAHMAN IV 7th Caliph of Córdoba عبد الرحمن

MUHAMMAD III 11th Caliph of Córdoba محمد

MUHAMMAD II 4th Caliph of Córdoba محمد

ABD AL RAHMAN V 10th Caliph of Córdoba عبد الرحمن

Nuño González de Lara

Abd al-Karim

VI. AL-HAKIM 16th Ismaili Imam Disappeared الحاكم بأمر الله

46. AL-MUSTAZHIR المستظهر بالله

HISHAM III 12th Caliph of Córdoba هشام

Gonzalo Núñez de Lara

Caliphate of Córdoba split into Taifas in 1031

DRUZE SECT

Muta'in مطاعن

VII. ALI AZ-ZAHIR 17th Ismaili Imam الظاهر لإعزاز دين الله

47. AL-MUSTARSHID المسترشد بالله

49. AL-MUQTAFI المقتفي لأمر الله

Nuño González de Lara

Idris إدريس

VIII. AL-MUSTANSIR 18th Ismaili Imam المستنصر بالله

48. AL-RASHID الراشد بالله

Abu Bakr أبو بكر

50. AL-MUSTANJID المستنجد بالله

Zaida of Seville ♀ [Note 3]

Alfonso VI King of León King of Castile

Gonzalo Núñez de Lara

BANU QATADA

MUSTAALI IMAMS

NIZARI IMAMS

Qatada Emir of Mecca قتادة

IX. AL-MUSTA'LI 19th Mustaali Imam المستعلي بالله

Abul Qasim Muhammad

NIZAR 19th Nizari Imam نزار

Ali علي

51. AL-MUSTADI المستضيء بأمر الله

Sancha of Castile ♀

Rodrigo González de Lara

Ali علي

X. AL-AMIR 20th Mustaali Imam الآمر بأحكام الله

AL-HADI 20th Nizari Imam الهادي

al-Hasan الحسن

52. AL-NASIR الناصر لدين الله

Sancha Rodriguez de Lara ♀

Gonzalo Ruiz Girón (d. 1234)

MUSTAALI IMAMS TAYYIBI BRANCH

MUSTAALI IMAMS HAFIZI BRANCH

ABBASID CALIPHS CAIRO BRANCH

al-Hassan Emir of Mecca الحسن

AT-TAYYIB 21st and final Tayyibi Imam الطيب

XI. AL-HAFIZ 21st Hafizi Imam الحافظ

AL-MUHTADI 21st Nizari Imam المهتدي

57. AL-HAKIM I 2nd Caliph of Cairo الحاكم بأمر الله

53. AZ-ZAHIR الظاهر بأمر الله

Aldonia González Girón ♀

Ramiro Fruelaz

In Occultation Represented by the Da'i al-Mutlaq

Muhammad Abu Numayy I Emir of Mecca محمد أبو نمي الأول

XII. AL-ZAFIR 22nd Hafizi Imam الظافر بدين الله

Yusuf يوسف

Nizari

Ahmad أحمد

58. AL-MUSTAKFI I المستكفي بالله

56. AL-MUSTANSIR 1st Caliph of Cairo المستنصر بالله

54. AL-MUSTANSIR Penultimate Caliph of Baghdad المستنصر بالله

Aldonia Fruelaz ♀

Arias Díaz de Asturias (d. 1253)

Rumaytha Emir of Mecca رميثة

XIII. AL-FAIZ 23rd Hafizi Imam الفائز بدين الله

XIV. AL-ADID 24th Hafizi Imam العاضد لدين الله

Nizari

{{{XXX}}}

{{{XXX}}}

{{{XXX}}}

55. AL-MUSTA'SIM Last Caliph of Baghdad المستعصم بالله

María Arias de Asturias ♀

Fernan González

Mongol siege of Baghdad in 1258

Ajlan Emir of Mecca عجلان

Juan Garciez de Padilla (d. 1359)

María de Henestrosa ♀

CASTILE & LEÓN MONARCHS

al-Hassan Emir of Mecca الحسن

Peter the Cruel King of Castile & León

María de Padilla ♀

Barakat I Emir of Mecca بركات الأول

John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster

Constance of Castile ♀

Isabella of Castile ♀

Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York

OTTOMANS (Turks, no Arab ancestry)

Muhammad Emir of Mecca محمد

109. SELIM I 9th Ottoman Sultan 1st Ottoman Caliph سليم الأول

Catherine of Lancaster ♀ Queen consort of Castile & León

Henry III King of Castile & León

Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Barakat II Emir of Mecca بركات الثاني

110. SULAYMAN I THE MAGNIFICENT سليمان القانوني

John II King of Castile & León

Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York

BRITISH ISLES MONARCHS

Muhammad Abu Numayy II Emir of Mecca محمد أبو نمي الثاني

111. SELIM II سليم الثاني

Isabella I ♀ Queen of Castile & León

Edward IV King of England

HOUSE OF TUDOR

al-Hassan Emir of Mecca الحسن

112. MURAD III مراد الثالث

Joanna ♀ Queen of Castile & León Queen of Aragon

Henry VII King of England

Elizabeth of York ♀ Queen consort of England

ABADILLAH CLAN

Abd Allah Emir of Mecca عبد الله

113. MEHMED III محمد الثالث

Charles V & I Holy Roman Emperor King of Spain

Henry VIII King of England

Margaret Tudor ♀ Queen consort of Scots

al-Husayn الحسين

114. AHMED I أحمد الأول

115. MUSTAFA I مصطفى الأول

Philip II King of Spain

Mary I ♀ Queen of England

James V King of Scots

Abd Allah عبد الله

116. OSMAN II عثمان الثاني

117. MURAD IV مراد الرابع

118. IBRAHIM إبراهيم الأول

Philip III King of Spain

Mary ♀ Queen of Scots

Muhsin محسن

119. MEHMED IV محمد الرابع

120. SULAYMAN II سليمان الثاني

121. AHMED II أحمد الثاني

Philip IV King of Spain

James VI & I King of Scots King of England

HOUSE OF BOURBON (FRANCE)

Auon, Ra'i al-Hadala عون، راعي الهدلاء

122. MUSTAFA II مصطفى الثاني

123. AHMED III أحمد الثالث

Maria Theresa ♀ Queen consort of France

Louis XIV King of France

Elizabeth ♀ Queen consort of Bohemia

Abd al-Mu'een عبد المعين

124. MAHMUD I محمود الأول

125. OSMAN III عثمان الثالث

126. MUSTAFA III مصطفى الثالث

127. ABDÜLHAMID I عبد الحميد الأول

Louis Dauphin of France

Sophia of Hanover ♀

HOUSE OF BOURBON (SPAIN)

Muhammad Emir of Mecca محمد

128. SELIM III سليم الثالث

129. MUSTAFA IV مصطفى الرابع

130. MAHMUD II محمود الثاني

Philip V King of Spain

Louis Dauphin of France

George I King of Great Britain

Ali علي

131. ABDÜLMECID I عبد المجيد الأول

132. ABDÜLAZIZ عبد العزيز الأول

Charles III King of Spain

BOURBON KINGS OF FRANCE (until 1830)

George II King of Great Britain

138. HUSAYN Emir of Mecca King of Hejaz Caliph (1924) حسين

133. MURAD V مراد الخامس

134. ABDÜLHAMID II عبد الحميد الثاني

135. MEHMED V محمد الخامس

136. MEHMED VI محمد السادس

137. ABDÜLMECID II عبد المجيد الثاني

Charles IV King of Spain

Frederick Prince of Wales

Caliphate abolished by Turkey in 1924

HASHEMITES JORDANIAN BRANCH

Abd Allah I 1st King of Jordan عبد الله الأول

Mehmed Ziyaeddin محمد ضياء الدين

Ferdinand VII King of Spain

George III King of the UK

Talal 2nd King of Jordan طلال

Nayef نايف

Mihrimah ♀ ميهرماه

Isabella II ♀ Queen of Spain

Edward Duke of Kent and Strathearn

Husayn 3rd King of Jordan الحسين

Asem عاصم

Alfonso XII King of Spain

Victoria ♀ Queen of the UK

Abd Allah II Current King of Jordan عبد الله

Hamzah حمزة

Noor ♀ نور

Beatrice ♀

Edward VII King of the UK

HOUSE OF WINDSOR

Alfonso XIII King of Spain

Victoria Eugenie ♀ Queen consort of Spain

George V King of the UK

Juan Count of Barcelona

George VI King of the UK

Juan Carlos Current King of Spain

Elizabeth II ♀ Current Queen of the UK

See also

• Family tree of Muhammad
• Family tree of Abu Bakr
• Family tree of Umar
• Family tree of Uthman
• Family tree of Ali
• Alid

Notes

1^ : According to some genealogical sources, an Umayyad princess of Córdoba named Mawiyah (or Salas), daughter of Caliph Al-Hakam II, married a Spanish man named Gonsalo Gustaves. They had several male descendants belonging to the famous House of Lara (a Spanish noble family from the medieval Kingdom of Castile), from whom several lines of descent can be established linking the Umayyad Caliphs of Córdoba to contemporary European monarchs. However, there are very few historical records mentioning the existence of Mawiyah. Moreover, such a marriage between the daughter of a Muslim caliph and a Spanish Christian man—if it ever took place—would have been extremely controversial at the time, since Islamic law does not allow interfaith marriage for Muslim women.

2^ : Some genealogists believe that a line of descent linking current European monarchs to Muslim rulers of Spain (and, ultimately, to Islamic prophet Muhammad), can be established through Zaida of Seville, the mistress (and perhaps wife) of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. This theory has been extensively studied and discussed. It is based on two assumptions: firstly, that Zaida was a daughter of al-Mu'tamid, the third and last Abbadid ruler of the Taifa of Seville (whose descent from the Prophet does not seem to be questioned); and secondly, that Zaida was the biological mother of Alfonso VI's children. Both assumptions have their detractors. French historian Évariste Lévi-Provençal believes that Zaida was a daughter-in-law rather than a daughter of al-Mu'tamid. It has also been argued that Zaida had only one child—Sancho Alfónsez, who died at the Battle of Uclés without leaving issue—, and that Alfonso VI's daughters Sancha and Elvira, through whom his line of descent continues, were not hers but had a different mother. It should be noted that The Royal Encyclopedia (1991), a generally reliable reference work on the British monarchy, mentions as factual the line of descent from Muhammad II of Sevile to Queen Elizabeth II, although it does not make any claims of prophetic ancestry. The line of descent from Muhammad to Zaida, according to those who believe in it, runs as follows:

Muhammad, Prophet of Islam → Fatimah (daugher of Muhammad who married Ali ibn Abi Talib) → Hasan → Husayn → Zohra (great-great-granddaughter of Muhammad who married Abu Farisi) → Itaf → Na'im al-Lakhmi → Itaf → Amr → Aslan → Amr → Abbad → Qarais of Seville → Isma'il, Imam of Seville → Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, King of Seville → Abu Amr Abbad (al-Mu'tadid), King of Seville → Abul Qasim Muhammad (al-Mu'tamid), King of Seville → Zaida of Seville

References

Descent from Adnan to Muhammad

• Hughes 1885, p. 19

Ancestry of Khadijah, wife of Muhammad (Banu Asad clan)

• al-Tabari, Tarikh, XXXIX, 2296

Ancestry of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (Banu Asad clan)

• al-Tabari, Tarikh, XXXIX, 2313

Ancestry of Abu Bakr (Rashidun Caliph)

• al-Tabari, Tarikh, XXXIX, 2383

Ancestry of Umar ibn al-Khattab (Rashidun Caliph)

• al-Tabari, Tarikh, XXXIX, 2388

Ancestry of Uthman ibn Affan (Rashidun Caliph)

• al-Tabari, Tarikh, XXXIX, 2466

Lines of descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatimah

• Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, p. 281

Genealogy of the Twelve Imams

• Boudreau 1998, p. 238

Genealogy of the Ismaili Imams

• Daftary 2004, p. 443

Genealogical connexion between Muhammad and the lines of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs

• Lane-Poole 1894, p. 10

Genealogy of the Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus

• Lane-Poole 1894, p. 11

Genealogy of the Umayyad Caliphs of Córdoba

• Constable 1997, p. 388
• Lane-Poole 1894, p. 22

Line of descent from Al-Hakam II to María de Padilla (wife of Peter the Cruel)

• Briggs 1997, p. 171 (snippet view: Al-Hakam II → Gonzalo Núñez de Lara)
• Briggs 1997, p. 113 (snippet view: Rodrigo González de Lara → Aldonia González Girón)
• Briggs 1997, p. 113 (snippet view: Aldonia Fruelaz → María de Padilla)

Line of descent from Peter the Cruel to Queen Isabella I

• Constable 1997, p. 395

Line of descent from Queen Isabella I to Juan Carlos I

• "The Royal Family Tree". Official site of the Royal Household of the King of Spain. Retrieved 2010-07-30.

Line of descent from Edmund of Langley to Elizabeth II

• CITATION NEEDED

Genealogy of the Abbasid Caliphs

• Gibb et al. 1986, p. 22
• Lane-Poole 1894, pp. 14–15

Genealogy of the Ottoman Caliphs

• Lane-Poole 1894, pp. 196–197
• Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, pp. 237–248

Prophetic ancestry of the Royal House of Jordan

• "Hashemite Family Tree". Official website of King Hussein of Jordan. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
• Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, p. 284

Genealogy of the Royal House of Jordan

• "Immediate Family Tree". Official website of King Hussein of Jordan. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
• Montgomery-Massingberd 1980, pp. 128–130

Bibliography

• Boudreau, Claire (1998). "Actes du 22e Congrès international des sciences généalogique et héraldique à Ottawa, 18–23 août 1996". Genealogica & Heraldica. 22nd International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences in Ottawa from August 18 to 23, 1996 (in French). Vol. Volume 1996. University of Ottawa Press. ISBN 9780776604725. {{cite conference}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Briggs, Everett Francis (1997). A Briggs Memorial: Some Ancestors of John Briggs of Taunton, Massachusetts: with Collateral Deighton, Williams, Whitney, and Mayflower-Rogers Lines. Bountiful, UT: Family History Publishers. ISBN 9780965435512.
• Constable, Olivia Remie, ed. (1997). Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812215694.
• Daftary, Farhad (2004). Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies. I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies. ISBN 9781850434399.
• Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J., eds. (1986) [First published 1960]. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. Volume 1 (A–B) (New ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 9789004081147. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
• Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopaedia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together With the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. London: W. H. Allen & Co. OCLC 1087321.
• Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. OCLC 1199708.
• Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1980). Burke's Royal Families of the World. Vol. Volume II: Africa & the Middle East. London: Burke's Peerage. ISBN 9780850110296. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
• Recker, Charles (1986). "Mohammed's American Progeny Reconsidered" (fee required). The Augustan Omnibus (Book 8): pp. 78–79. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
• al-Tabari (1998) [Composed 10th century]. Tarikh al-Tabari. SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. Vol. Volume XXXIX: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. trans. Ella Landau-Tasseron. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791428191. {{cite book}}: External link in |volume= (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)

External links

• Family tree of the Qurayshite Caliphs at Arabic Wikipedia
• The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas