Bir I of Kanem

Biri bin Dunama I was the son of Dunama I, and a woman from the Kayi ethnic group.^[1] Biri reigned as the king of Kanem from 1150 to 1176,^[2]^[3] in the early stages of the Kanem–Bornu Empire and was a member of the Sayfawa dynasty. He was succeeded by his son, 'Abdullah bin Bir.^[1]

He was once constricted by his mother for executing a thief.^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. (1984). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 244. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 146. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 34–35. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

Further reading[edit]

Gerald S. Graham, Thomas Hodgkin; Nigerian Perspectives: An Historical Anthology

Preceded by Dunama I	King of Kanem 1150—1176	Succeeded by 'Abdullah bin Bir

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[:0-1] Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. (1984). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 244. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0. Retrieved 2024-02-20.

[Stewart-2] Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 146. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

[Stewart2-3] Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 34–35. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

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