Anti-Nazi Freedom Movement
The Anti-Nazi Freedom Movement (German: Antinationalsozialistische Freiheitsbewegung, abbreviated ANFB) was a German anti-fascist organization based in Colombia during the Second World War.[1] The group was set up in 1942 by Erich Arendt and Otto Weiland as a united front initiative.[2][3] It was formed at a meeting at Barranquilla airport and the residence of Walter Rosenthal in Barranquilla in March 1942.[4]
ANFB gathered trade unionists, liberal democrats, social democrats and communists, albeit dominated by the latter two groups.[5][2] Leading figures in Bogota were the communist Arendt and the social democratic trade unionist Otto Priller.[5] Another prominent figure was Conrad Togger, a bourgeois opponent to Hitler.[4]
Weiland served as chairman of ANFB.[4] Arendt served as the secretary of ANFB.[6] Walter Rosenthal was the leader of ANFB in Barranquilla on the northern coast.[7] ANFB published Europa Libre ('Free Europe').[8]
ANFB was banned in January 1943, with Colombian authorities charging its members with disloyalty to their host country.[9][4] In November 1943 the Democratic Committee for a Free Germany was founded as a continuation of the ANFB.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ Society for Exile Studies (1985). Gedanken an Deutschland im Exil und andere Themen. Text + Kritik. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-88377-205-9.
- ^ a b Max Paul Friedman (4 August 2003). Nazis and Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign Against the Germans of Latin America in World War II. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-521-82246-6.
- ^ Lexicon Sozialistischer Literatur. Springer-Verlag. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-3-476-03548-6.
- ^ a b c d e Wolfgang Kießling (1984). Exil in Lateinamerika. Reclam. pp. 427, 430–432.
- ^ a b Wolfgang Schumann (1975). Vom Yberfall auf die Sowjetunion bis zur sowjetischen Gegenoffensive bei Stalingrad (Juni 1941 bis November 1942). Pahl-Rugenstein. p. 574. ISBN 978-3-7609-0170-1.
- ^ Alisa Douer (1995). Qué lejos está Viena: Latinoamérica como lugar de exilio de escritores y artistas austríacos. Centro de Documentación de la Literatura Austríaca Moderna. p. 94. ISBN 978-3-900467-44-9.
- ^ Suzanne Shipley Toliver (1 January 1984). Exile and the Elemental in the Poetry of Erich Arendt. P. Lang Pub. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8204-0081-5.
- ^ Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss; Dieter Marc Schneider; Louise Forsyth (10 November 2011). Politik, Wirtschaft, Öffentliches Leben. Walter de Gruyter. p. 49. ISBN 978-3-11-097028-9.
- ^ Wolfgang Kiessling (1974). Alemania Libre in Mexiko. Akademie-Verlag. pp. 164–165.