1304

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
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Portrait of Michael IX (1277–1320)
Map of the Battle of Skafida (1304)
1304 by topic
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Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1304 in poetry
1304 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1304
MCCCIV
Ab urbe condita2057
Armenian calendar753
ԹՎ ՉԾԳ
Assyrian calendar6054
Balinese saka calendar1225–1226
Bengali calendar711
Berber calendar2254
English Regnal year32 Edw. 1 – 33 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar1848
Burmese calendar666
Byzantine calendar6812–6813
Chinese calendar癸卯年 (Water Rabbit)
4001 or 3794
    — to —
甲辰年 (Wood Dragon)
4002 or 3795
Coptic calendar1020–1021
Discordian calendar2470
Ethiopian calendar1296–1297
Hebrew calendar5064–5065
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1360–1361
 - Shaka Samvat1225–1226
 - Kali Yuga4404–4405
Holocene calendar11304
Igbo calendar304–305
Iranian calendar682–683
Islamic calendar703–704
Japanese calendarKagen 2
(嘉元２年)
Javanese calendar1215–1216
Julian calendar1304
MCCCIV
Korean calendar3637
Minguo calendar608 before ROC
民前608年
Nanakshahi calendar−164
Thai solar calendar1846–1847
Tibetan calendar阴水兔年
(female Water-Rabbit)
1430 or 1049 or 277
    — to —
阳木龙年
(male Wood-Dragon)
1431 or 1050 or 278

Year 1304 (MCCCIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events[edit]

January – March[edit]

  • January 11 – Messengers from King Edward of England arrive at Kinclaven Castle in Scotland to discuss peace with Scottish noble John Comyn.[1]
  • January 18 – In France, King Philip the Fair issues a mandate at Toulouse to halt the threat of a civil war, declaring that "For the good of our realm... we expressly forbid and most strictly prohibit wars, battles, homicides, the burning of towns or houses, assaults or attacks on peasants or those who plow, or doing anything similar to our vassals and subjects, regardless of status or condition, in any place, or in any part of the realm," and adds that "the rash transgressors of these statutes and inhibitions ought to be punished as disturbers of the peace, regardless of contrary custom, or rather corruption allegedly followed in any part of the said realm."[2] The action comes after Philip's meeting with Franciscan friar Bernard Délicieux concerning the Dominican Inquisition, but the King stops short of halting the Inquisition entirely despite Delicieux's claim that there had not been a single heretic among all the Albigensians for many years.[3]
  • January 31 – Cardinal Nicolò Albertini de Prato is dispatched by Pope Benedict XI as the papal legate to oversee negotiation of peace between Tuscany, Romagna and the Marca Trevigiana.[4]
  • February 9 – War of Scottish Independence: Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn ("John the Red"), negotiate a peace treaty with King Edward I of England ("Edward Longshanks"). His terms are accepted, and the Scots submit to English rule. In return, they are granted life and liberty under their old laws and freedom from the forfeiture of their lands. A few prominent nobles are singled out for temporary banishment – among them John de Soules, guardian of Scotland, who is exiled to France. No terms are offered to William Wallace, Edward's most wanted enemy, who remains defiantly at large despite every effort of Edward to capture him.[5][6]
  • February 20 – Battle of Happrew: Scottish rebels led by William Wallace and Simon Fraser fight guerilla warfare against King Edward I of England. They defend themselves against a vanguard of English knights at Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. During the skirmish, the Scots are defeated and routed. Wallace and Fraser narrowly escape being captured.
  • March 17 – Cardinal Albertini, the papal legate and peacemaker, enters Florence and is granted special powers by the government to facilitate his mission.[4]
  • March 23 – John I of Arborea, nicknamed "Chiano" and the ruler of western Sardinia as Judge of Arborea dies. He is succeeded by his sons Marianus III and Andrew

April – June[edit]

July – September[edit]

October – December[edit]

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]

  • Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 10,000 men) to halt the expansion of the Bulgarians in Thrace. The two armies meet near Sozopol on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. During the battle, the Bulgarian army led by Tsar Theodore Svetoslav is defeated and routed. The Byzantines, infatuated with the chase of the retreating enemy, crowd on a bridge – which possibly is sabotaged, and break down. The Bulgarians capture many Byzantine soldiers and some nobles are held for ransom. Svetoslav secures his territorial gains and stabilizes himself as the sole ruler of the Bulgarian Empire (until 1322).[19]
  • The Byzantines lose the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to the Genoese under Admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria. He establishes an autonomous lordship and justifies the act to the Byzantine court as necessary to prevent the island from being captured by Turkish pirates. Benedetto is granted the island as a fief for a period of 10 years.[20][21]

Asia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Architecture[edit]


Births[edit]

Deaths[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Michèle S. Duck, The Wars of Independence, 1249–1328 (Hodder Education, 2022)
  2. ^ Justine Firnhaber-Baker, Violence and the State in Languedoc, 1250-1400 (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p.60
  3. ^ Marc Saperstein, Leadership and Conflict: Tensions in Medieval and Modern Jewish History and Culture (Liverpool University Press, 2014) p.101
  4. ^ a b John A. Scott, Dante's Political Purgatory (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) p.28
  5. ^ a b Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–1298, p. 87. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
  6. ^ The Oxford companion to Scottish history. Oxford University Press. February 24, 2011. p. 334. ISBN 9780199693054.
  7. ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 153. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  8. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 120. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  9. ^ Verbruggen J. F. (2002). The Battle of the Golden Spurs: Courtrai, 11 July 1302, pp. 202–203. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-888-9.
  10. ^ Fegley, Randall (2002). The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302, p. 105. McFarland & Co. ISBN 0786480548.
  11. ^ Peter Jackson (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A political and Military History, p. 288. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  12. ^ Satish Chandra (2007). History of Medieval India: 800–1700, p. 103. Orient Longman. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7.
  13. ^ "Christ's Thorn and Bishop Brynolf"
  14. ^ Schor, J. (1871). History of Venice From the Beginning Down to the Present Time, pp. 64–65. Colombo Coen.
  15. ^ Foss, Clive (1979). Ephesus After Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine, and Turkish City. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 144. ISBN 0521220866.
  16. ^ E. B. Fryde, et al., Handbook of British Chronology (Cambridge University Press, 1996) p. 282
  17. ^ Hamilton, John (1890). "Hamilton, William de" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. pp. 217–218.
  18. ^ Burns, R. Ignatius (1954). "The Catalan Company and the European Powers, 1305–1311", p. 752. Speculum, Vol. 29 (4). University of Chicago Press.
  19. ^ Andreev, Y.; M. Lalkov (1996). The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars (in Bulgarian). Veliko Tarnovo Abagar. ISBN 954-427-216-X.
  20. ^ Miller, William (1921). "The Zaccaria of Phocaea and Chios (1275-1329)". Essays on the Latin Orient, pp. 287–289. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 457893641.
  21. ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, p. 113. (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6.
  22. ^ Vernadsky, George (1953). The Mongols and Russia, p. 74. Yale University Press.
  23. ^ Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia, 980–1584, p. 175. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85916-5.
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