13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet

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The 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (Chinese: 酌定西藏善後章程十三條) defined the political system of Tibet approved by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty in 1751, the last imperial dynasty of China. [1]

In 1793, the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet was also published to define specific responsibilities of government officials including the Dalai Lama.[2][3]

The political position of the Qing imperial residents (ambans) were further strengthened in both ordinances.[4]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jiawei Wang; Gyaincain Nyima; 尼玛坚赞 (1997). The Historical Status of China's Tibet. China International Communication Center. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5.
  2. ^ Xiaoming Zhang (2004). China's Tibet. China International Communication Center. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-7-5085-0608-1.
  3. ^ Jiawei Wang; Gyaincain Nyima (1997). The Historical Status of China's Tibet. China International Communication Center. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5.
  4. ^ Duindam, Jeroen (2014). The Dynastic Centre and the Provinces. Brill. p. 116. ISBN 9789004272095.


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